Indigenous Preparation Methods of Medicinal plants Used for the Treatment of Small Ruminant Diseases in Imo State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Ethnoveterinary practice, indigenous treatment; medicinal plants; small ruminants; livestock disease, preparation methods.Abstract
The study examined the indigenous preparation methods of herbal medicines used for the treatment of small ruminant diseases in Imo State, Nigeria. A total of 120 small ruminant farmers participated in the study. Data were collected using interview schedule and analyzed using mean and percentages. Results identified retained placenta (82%), pneumonia (82%), foot rot (82%) and helminthosis (81%) as the most prevalent small ruminant diseases in the area. Available medicinal plants included Garcinia kola (93%), Ageratum conyzoides (92%), Costus afer (91%) and Vernonia amygdalina (80%).The result further indicated that many medicinal plants were used in the treatment of more than one small ruminant disease by the farmers. Roots (98%), leaves (98%), juice (93%) and stem (91%) were the commonly used plant parts for the preparation of the medicines. Popular preparation methods among the farmers included squeezing (98%), mixing with palm oil (97%) and pounding (91%). It was concluded that medicinal plants still support rural livestock industry in the state and should therefore be encouraged.References
Abdul Aziz, M., Khan, A.H., Adnan, M. & Ullah, H. (2018). Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan. Journal of. Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 14(11), 1-18. doi: 10.1186/s13002-018-0212-0.
Adeniran, L.A., Toba, A.S. & Ajagbonna, O.P. (2020). Medicinal plants used in ehtnoveterinary practices in the Federal Capital Territory, North Central Nigeria. Journal of Medical Plant Research, 14(8), 377 – 388. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020
Adeyemo, P., Leger, E., Hollenberg, E., Diouf, M., Webster, J.P. & Hasler, B. (2021). Estimating the financial impact of livestock Schistomiasis on traditional subsistence and transhumance farmers keeping cattle, sheep and goats in Northern Senegal. Research Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-757540/v1
Asfaw, A., Lulekal, E.., Bekele, T., Debella, A., Debebe, E. & Sisay, B. (2022). Medicinal plants used to treat livestock ailments in Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. BMC Veterinary Research, 18, 235. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03320-6
Awalu, A.M., Manu, I.N. & Manu, Y.B. (2020). Ethno-veterinary knowledge and practices amongst indigenous pastoralists in the Menoua division, west region of Cameroon. International Journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food Science, 4(6), 226 – 241. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.4.5.4
Aziz, M.A., Khan, A.H., Adnan, M. & Ullah, H. (2018). Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajur Agency, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 14:11. https://doi.org/s13002-018-0212-0
Bareesteng, S. (2022). The worldwide herbal market: trends and opportunities. Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, 21, 3(5), 575 – 584. doi: 10.37871/jbres1482.
Berhanu, M., Tintagu, T. & Diday, M. (2020). Ethnoveterinary survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of animal diseases in Ambo District of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, Article No. 8816227 https://doi: 10.1155/2020/8816227
Bolajoko, M.B., Gool, F.V., Peters, A., R., Martinez, J.S.,
Vance, C.J. & Dungu, B. (2020). Field survey of major infectious and reproductive diseases responsible for mortality and productivity losses of ruminants amongst Nigerian Fulani pastoralists. Gates Open Reseaerch, 4, 162. Doi: 10.12688/gatesoperes.13164.1
Braizer, Y. (2017). All about side effects. University of Illinois. https://medicalnewstoday.com/articles/196135. (accessed 20th June, 2023).
Central Bank of Nigeria. (2023). Real gross domestic product (Billion Naira). https://cbn.gov.ng/rates/RealGDP.asp. (accessed 27th June, 2023).
Chadwick, A. (2021). Expert opinion: largest challenges and opportunities for the veterinary industry. https://software,covntrus.com/apac/veterianary-insights/article/practice-solutions/expert-opinion-largest-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-veterinary-industry... (Accessed 27th Mya, 2023).
Chakale, M.V., Asong, J.A., Struwig, M., Mwanza, M. & Aremu, A.O. (2022). Ethnoveterinary practices and ethnobotanical knowledge on plants used against cattle diseases among two communities in South Africa. Plants, 11, 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131784.
Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). (2020). Small ruminant production in Nigeria. https://research.csiro.au/livegaps/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/2020/01/Nigeria-small-ruminant-production-factsheet-jan-2020.pdf (Accessed 8th June, 2023).
Duguma, B. (2020). A survey of management practices and major diseases of dairy cattle in smallholdings in selected towns of Jimma zone, south-west Ethiopia. Animal Production Science, 60, 1838 – 1849. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19079
Dzoyem J.P., Tchuenteu R.T., Mbarawa K., Keza A., Roland A., Njouendou A.J. and Assob J.C.N. (2020). Ethnoveterinary medicine and medicinal plants used in the treatment of livestock diseases in Cameroun. In: L. McGaw, and M Abdalla. (Eds.), Ethnoveterinary medicine. Springer,Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030.32270.0_9.
Ehighebolo, I.A. (2023). Impacts of agricultural sub-sectors’ performances on Nigeria’s economic growth: an empirical analysis. African Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 10(1), 79 87.
Eiki, N., Sebola, N.A., Sakong, B.M. & Mabelebele, M. (2021). Review of ethnoveterinary practices in sub-Saharan Africa. Veterinary Sciences, 8(6), doi: 10.3390/vetsci8060099.
Ezekwesili-Ofili, J.O. & Okaka, A.N.C. (2017). Herbal medicine in African traditional medicine. In: P.F. Builders (Ed.), Herbal medicine. IntenOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69412.
Fesiya, K., Fesiya, W., Girma, T. & kemai, T. (2022). Traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of urogenital diseases in Ethiopia: a review. Pharmacognosy Journal, 14(3), 722- 733. Doi: 10.5530/pj/-2002-14-92
Khunoana E.T. & McGaw L.J. (2020). Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants used in South Africa. In: L. McGaw & M. Adballa. (Eds.), Ethnoveterinary medicine. Springer,Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030.32270.0_10.
Li, S., Odedina, S., Agwai, I., Ojengbede, O., Huo, D., & Olopade, O. I. (2020). Traditional medicine usage among adult women in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 20(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02881-z
Lisboa, C.F., Melo, E.C., Sperotto, N.C.Z., Avila, M.B.R. & da Silva, L.C. (2021). Packaging and storage of medicinal plants. Research, Society and Development, 5(11 - 7), e50911724813. https://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.24813.
Map of Imo State. Available at www.mapcarta.com/Imo_State. (Accessed 20th July, 2022).
Megersa, M. & Tamrat, N. (2023). Medicinal plants used to treat human and livestock ailments in Bosana Werana District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 5242033. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5242033
Moges, A. & Moges, Y. (2021). Important medicinal plants of Ethiopia: uses, knowledge transfer and conservation practices. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapter. (Accessed 17th June, 2023).
Moore, S. (2022). Effect of human activity on plant biodiversity. AZO Life Sciences. https://azolifescineces.com/rticle/Efect-of-Human-Activity-on-Plant-biodiversity.aspx. (accessed 28th June, 2023).
Namatovu, J., Mulindwa, P.L., Nkamwesiga, J., Campbell, Z. & Ouma, E. (2022). Gendered roles in disease management in small ruminant enterprises in agropastoral and pastoral systems: implications for PPR control. ILRI Research Brief 109. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/118339/ResearchBrief_109.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Accessed 7th May, 2023).
National Bureau of Statistics & National Population Commission. (2016). National population estimates. https://nigerianstat.gov.ng. (Accessed 27th May, 2023).
Nnadi, F.N., Umunakwe, P.c., Nnadi, C.D. & Okafor, C.E. (2012). Socioeconomic determinants of farmers’ use of ethnoveterinary medicine in Mbaitoli LGA of Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 1(5), 33 - 39
Oni, O.O., Ibhaze, G.A., Ogunwande, I.O. & Onibi, G.E. (2022). Socieonomic characteristics of farmers, profitability and militating factors affecting small ruminant production in Ondo State, South-West, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 7(2), 69 – 77. DOI: 10.22161/ijeab.
Parris, K.M. (2016). Ecology of urban environments Wiley Blackwell, Oxford.
Raus, R.B., Costa, L.M.S. & Bered, F. (2022). Urbanization driving changes in plant species and communities – a global view. Global Ecology and Conservation, 38, e02243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02243.
Tlemcani, S., Lahkimi, A., Eloutassi, N., Bendaoud, A., Hmamou, A. & Bejkkari, H. (2023). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 11(1), 137 -159. https://doi.org/10.56499/ppres22.1459_11.1.137.
Tyson, R.J., Park, C.C., Powell, J.R., Patterson, J.H., Weiner, D., Watkins, P.B. & Gonzales, D. (2020). Precision dosing priority criteria: drug, diseases and patient population variables. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 420. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00420.
World Bank. (2016). Nigerian erosion and watershed management project (NEWMAP). Final report on Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Umueshi Gully erosion site, Ideato South, Imo State, Nigeria. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/554711468099837791/pdf/SGF1692-V7-EA-P124905-Box394859B-PUBLIC-Disclosed-1-27-2015.pdf (Accessed 7th June, 2023).
World Bank. (2019). Rural access ad mobility project (RAMP-2). Imo State project implementation unit (SPIU). Final Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP). https://documments1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/921801574923728284/pdf (Accessed 27th May, 2023).
World Bank. (2021). Moving towards sustainability: the livestock sector and the World Bank. https://worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/moving-towards-sustinability-the-livestock-sector-and-the-world-bank. (accessed 25th June, 2023).
World Health Organization. (2015). Biodiversity and health. Available at who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/biodiversity-and-health.
Yusuf, A., Aruwayo, A. & Muhammad, I.R. (2018). Characterization of small ruminant production systems in semi-arid urban areas of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 22(5), 725 – 729. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i5.18.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Anthony .O. Ani, Francis .C. Anaeto, Polycarp .C Umunakwe, Eugenia .N Onuoha, Rachel .N Nwakwasi, Ogbonnaya .O. Aja
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.