Farmers Perception of the Quality and Accessibility of Agrochemicals in Kaduna and Ondo States of Nigeria: Implications for Policy
Keywords:
Agrochemical, Farmers’ perception, agricultural inputsAbstract
This study analyzed the quality and accessibility of agrochemicals as perceived by crop farmers in Kaduna and Ondo States of Nigeria. A total of 260 crop farmers were selected for the study using multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using pre-tested, structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that the majority (62.7%) of the crop farmers perceived the quality of agrochemical to be poor or just average. Similarly, many (43.5%) perceived agrochemical as accessible. Farmers’ perception of quality of agrochemical was strongly influenced by level of education (0.059, P<0.01) and experience (0.015, P<0.05) among others. On the other hand, perception of accessibility of agrochemical is influenced by education (0.064, P<0.01) and income (0.012, P<0.01) among others. Major constraints to accessing quality agrochemicals were inadequate enforcement of pesticide regulations, high cost, and porous borders. This study therefore, recommends that government should device policy and special financial incentive (subsidy) geared towards boosting local production of agrochemical. It is also advocated that government should review pesticide laws to facilitate the effective supervision of pesticide quality in Nigeria..References
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Adesope, O. M., Matthews-Njoku, E.C., Oguzor, N.S. and Ugwuja, V.C. (2012). Effect of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on their adoption of organic farming practices, Crop Production Technologies, In Peeyush Sharma (Ed.), InTech, pp 211 – 220. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/crop-production-technologies/effect. Assessed 26/11/2012.
Agoro, A. O. (2007). Quality Control of Agricultural Inputs and its Impact on Agricultural Extension in Lagos State, Paper presented at the Pre-Season Training for Technical and Extension Officers of LSADA, 6th March, P4.
Ajibolade, E.O. (2005). Effects of land acquisition for large scale farming on the productivity of small-scale farming in Okitipupa LGA, Ondo State. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, Akure.
Akinyosoye, V. O. (2005). Government and agriculture in Nigeria: Analysis of policies, programmes and administration. Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Limited, Lagos. Pp598.
Akunyili, D., Ivbijaro, M.F.A. (2006). Pesticide regulations and their implementation in Nigeria. In; Ivbijaro, M.F.A.; F. Akintola and R.U. Okechukwu (eds). Sustainable Environmental Management in Nigeria.Mattivi Production Ibadan. pp. 187-210.
Amera, T. and Abate, A. (2008). An assessment of the pesticide use, practice and hazards in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Africa Stockpiles Programme, Annex 6. Pp 61.
Amsalu, A., and De Graaff, J. (2006). Determinants of adoption and continued use of stone terraces for soil and water conservation in an Ethiopian Highland Watershed. Journal of Ecological Economics, 61(2-3): 294-30.
Ani, A.O., (1998). Assessment of farmers’ extension education needs in Yobe State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Education, 1: 152-158.
Anyadiegwa, A. (2007). Baseline study towards non-toxic environment in Africa, country report NIGERIA 19 September 2007.
Asogwa, E.U. and Dango, L.N. (2009). Problems associated with pesticide usage and application in Nigerian cocoa production: A review.African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 (8), pp. 675-683, August. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Assessed: 13/04/2012.
Bello, M., Ibrahim, H.I., Salau, E.S., Kaura, A.G. and Age, A.I. (2010). Factors influencing the adoption of agro-chemical technology by small-scale farmers in Kwali Area Council of Abuja FCT, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Issues and Agriculture in Developing Countries, 2(1), April. Pp 176- 190.
Bonabana-Wabbi, J. (2002). Assessing factors affecting adoption of agricultural technologies: The case of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Kumi District, Eastern Uganda. MSc (Agricultural and Applied Economics) Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 146 pp.
Caswell, J. A. (1998). Valuing the Benefits and Costs of Improved Food Safety and Nutrition. Australian Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economics, 42 (December): 409-474.
Christos, A., Damalas, I. and Ilias, G. E. (2014). Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402.
Commission of the European Communities (1991). Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 Concerning the Placing of Plant Protection Products on the Market; Official Journal L 230; Commission of the European Communities: Brussels, Belgium.
Dongmei, Z. (2006). Development of bio-pesticide industry in China. Unpublished PhD thesis, Fujian University of Agriculture and Forestry, Fujian, China.
Doss, C.R. and Morris, M.L, (2001). How does gender affect the adoption of agricultural Innovations? The Case of Improved Maize Technology in Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 25: 27–39.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2009). Registering Pesticides. Available online: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/ re-gistering/index.htm (accessed on 1 April 2011).
Iheanacho, A.C., (2000). Economics of Millet production under different cropping systems in Borno State of Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
International Fertilizer Development Centre (IFDC) (2001). Agricultural Input Markets in Nigeria: An Assessment and a Strategy for Development, IFDC, Aladama, USA.
Iwueke, C.C. (1987). Farmer related factors influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations in Imo State. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, Dept. of Agricultural Extension UNN, Nigeria.
Keri, H. J. (2009). Nigeria’s status on pesticide registration and maximum residue levels. The workshop on pesticide Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) held in Alexandria, Egypt. 30th March to 2nd April.
Manyong, V.M., A. Ikpi; J.K. Olayemi; S.A. Yusuf; B.T. Omonona; V. Okoruwa; & F.S. Idachaba (2005). Agriculture in Nigeria: Identifying opportunities for increased commercialization and investment. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 159p.
Mokwunye, I.U., Babalola, F.D., Ndagi, I., Idrisu, M., Mokwunye, F.C., and Asogwa, E.U. (2012). Farmers’ compliance with the use of approved cocoa pesticides in cocoa producing States of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR), 12(2): Pp 44 – 60.
Monaco, J.T.; Weller, S.C.; Ashton, F.M. (2002). Herbicide registration and environmental impact. In Weed Science: Principles and Practices, 4th ed.; Monaco, T.J., Weller, S.C., Ashton, F.M., Eds.; John Wiley &Sons: New York, NY, USA.
Namwata, B.M.L., Lwelamira, J. and Mzirai, O.B. (2010). Adoption of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among farmers in Mbeya Rural district, Tanzania: A case of Ilungu ward. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 8(1): 927- 935.
National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services and National Programme on Agriculture and Food Security (2011). National report of Agricultural performance survey of 2010 wet season in Nigeria. December.175 pp.
National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services and Federal Department of Agricultural Extension (2014). Agricultural performance survey of 2014 wet season in Nigeria, Executive summary. October. Pp 23.
National Population Commission (2006). Census Report of Nigeria. Population and Development Review, 33(1) (Mar., 2007), pp. 206-210 Published by: Population Council Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25434601 Assessed 7th May 2013.
Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER) (1999). A Characterization of industrial demand for major agricultural commodities in Nigeria, Ajakaiye D.O. and Akande S.O. (eds) Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Okuthe, I.K., Kioli, F. and Abuom, P. (2013). Socio cultural determinants of the adoption of integrated natural resource management technologies by small scale farmers in Ndhiwa Division, Kenya Current Research Journal of Social Sciences. 5(6): 203-218.
Olabode, O.S., Adesina, G.O. and Olapeju, T.R. (2011).Survey of agricultural chemicals available to farmers in South Western Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 4 (1):12 – 18.
Onasanya, S. O. (2007). Keynote address delivered at the Opening ceremony of the Pre-Season Training for Technical and Extension Officers of LSADA, 6th March, Pp 4.
Otujinrin, F. O. (1997). Analysis of Linkage Mechanisms for Input Delivery to Farmers in Lagos State, Unpublished PGD Thesis, Ogun State University, Ago-Iwoye, P 57.
Schwab, A.I., Jager, I., Stoll, G., Gorgen, R., Prexterschwab, S., and Attenburger, R. (1995). Pesticide in tropical agriculture: Hazards and alternatives. PAN ACTA TropicalAgroecology. No. 131.
Tekwa, I. J., Ambali, O. Y. and Gabdo, B. H. (2010). Economic analysis of farm hazards associated with the use of agrochemicals on agricultural farms. Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering 1(1):7 – 13.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2010). International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides: Guidelines for the Registration of Pesticides; World Health Organization: Rome, Italy.
Yasin, G., Aslam, M., Parvez, I. and Naz, S. (2003). Socio-economic correlates of pesticide usage: The case of citrus farmers. Journal of Research (Science), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, 14(1), June, pp. 43-48.
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2016-06-28
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ISSA, F. O. (2016). Farmers Perception of the Quality and Accessibility of Agrochemicals in Kaduna and Ondo States of Nigeria: Implications for Policy. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 20(1). Retrieved from https://journal.aesonnigeria.org/index.php/jae/article/view/629
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General Extension and Teaching Methods
